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Indian Constitution
| A constitution is the set of basic principles and laws of a nation. The Constitution of India is the backbone of democracy in our country. It is the lengthiest of all the written constitutions of the world. The Constituent Assembly adopted the Constitution on 26th November 1949 and it came into effect on 26th of January 1950.It is a very comprehensive, elaborate, and detailed document. Originally, the constitution contained a preamble, 395 articles, 22 parts, and 8 schedules. Now the constitution consists of a preamble, articles, 25 parts, and 12 schedules. |
Various Sources of Indian Constitution
The constitution of India has borrowed most of his provisions from the constitution of various other countries as well as from the Government of India Act of 1935. For which Indian constitution is criticized as a “ borrowed constitution “ or as “a patchwork”. But Dr. B R Ambedkar(Father of Indian Constitution) proudly said that our constitution has been framed after ‘ ransacking all the known constitutions of the world ‘.
Here are the major sources of Indian Constitution:
- Government of India Act-1935
- British constitution
- US constitution
- Irish constitution
- Canadian constitution
- Australian Constitution
- Weimar constitution of Germany
- Soviet constitution(Russia)
- French constitution
- South African constitution
- Japanese constitution
| Sources | Features |
| Government of India Act-1935 | Federal Scheme Office of Governor Judiciary Public Service Commissions Emergency provisions |
| The Constitution of Britain | Parliamentary form of Government Rule of Law Single Citizenship Bi-cameralism Writs Institution of Speaker and his role Procedure established by Law |
| The Constitution of US | Preamble Fundamental Rights Independence of Judiciary Judiciary Review Impeachment of the president Removal of Supreme Court and high court judges Post of Vice-president Electoral College Equal Protection of Law President as Supreme Commander of Armed Forces |
| Irish Constitution | Directive principles of state policy Nomination of members to Rajya Sabha Method of election of president |
| The Constitution of Canada | Federation with a strong center Vesting of residuary powers in the center Appointment of state governors by the center Advisory jurisdiction of the supreme court |
| The Constitution of Australia | Concurrent List Freedom of Trade Joint sitting of both houses of parliament |
| Weimer Constitution of Germany | Suspension of fundamental rights during emergency |
| Soviet Constitution | Fundamental duties Ideal of justice (social, economic and political) in the preamble |
| French Constitution | Republic and the ideals of liberty, equality, and fraternity in the preamble |
| Constitution of South Africa | Procedure for the Amendment of the constitution Election of members of Rajya Sabha |