Dual Federalism vs. Cooperative Federalism

Dual Federalism vs. Cooperative Federalism

• Dual federalism is known as a layer cake where as Cooperative Federalism is known as a marble cake.
• Earliest one is the powers and responsibilities are clearly divided between the national and state government.
• But in Latter one is the lines between the national and state government’s roles are blurred.
• In Dual Federalism, each levels of government work independently in their own respective areas without seeking permission from the other. Unlike , in cooperative federalism both levels of government collaborate and engage with each other.
• In Dual federalism, the national government focuses on matters of national importance such as security, foreign policy, and interstate commerce. On the other hand, state governments handle local affairs like education, public health, and commerce within their boundaries. But in cooperative federalism, Instead of rigid boundaries, they work together to find common ground and compromise on policies. The national government provides financial assistance and support to the states, helping them implement various national programs effectively. Cooperative federalism promotes a spirit of cooperation and mutual understanding among the different levels of government, fostering a flexible and adaptive approach to governing
• The Dual model prevailed in the United States from its inception until the 1930s where as cooperative model developed during the post-pandemic decade and the New Deal era.

In summary, dual federalism is like a distinct layer cake, with clearly defined and separate roles for the national and state governments, while cooperative federalism is like a blended marble cake, promoting collaboration and flexibility between the levels of government for the greater good of the nation.

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